Abel, G. &
Czop, J.K.; - "Stimulation of human monocyte beta-glucan receptors
by glucan particles induces production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta,
"Int. J. Immunopharmacolol, 14: 1363-1373. 1992.*
Abel, G. &
Czop, J.K., - "Activation of Human Monocyte GM-CSF and TNF-alpha.
Production by Particulate Yeast Glucan," International Congress
for Infectious Diseases, Montreal, Canada (abstract). 1990. *
Dept of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Quote: "Beta-glucans
are pharmacological agents that rapidly enhance the host resistance
to a variety of biologic insults through mechanisms involving macrophage
activation."
Adachi Y., Ohno
N., Yacomae T.; - "Preparation and antigen specificity of an anti-
(1-->3)-beta-D-glucan antibody," Biol Pharm bull 17: 1508-1512;
1994. *
Adachi Y., Ohno
N., Yacomae T.; - "Inhibitory effect of beta-glucans on Zymosan-mediated
hydrogen peroxide production by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro,"
Biol Pharm Bull, 16: 462-467; 1993.
Adachi Y., Ohno
N., Ohsawa M., Oikawa S.,Yacomae T.; - "Macrophage activation
in vitro by chemically cross-linked (1--3)-beta-D-glucans," Chem
Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 38:988-992 1990. Laboratory of Immunopharmacology
of Microbial Products, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan. *
Ainsworth A.J.,
- "A beta-glucan inhibitable Zymosan receptor on channel catfish neutrophils,"
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 41: 141-152. 1994. *
Almdahl SM, Bogwald
J, Hoffman J, Seljelid R; - "Treatment of experimental peritonitis
in rats by transfer of peritoneal mononuclear cells from rats injected
with semisoluble aminated glucan." Acta Chir Scand 153(9): 535-539,
Sep 1987. Dept of Surgery, University Hospital, Tromso, Norway.
*
Almdahl SM, Bogwald
J, Hoffman J, Seljelid R; - "The effect of splenectomy on Escherichia
coli sepsis and its treatment with semisoluble aminated glucan,"
Scand J Gastroenterol 22(3): 261-267; Apr 1987. *
Almdahl SM, Bogwald
J, Hoffman J, Seljelid R Giercksky KE; - "Protection by aminated glucan
in experimental endogenous peritonitis," Eur Surg Res 19(2):
78-85, 1987. *
Almdahl SM, Seljelid
R; - "Semisoluble animated glucan: long-term efficacy against an
intraperitoneal E. coli challenge and its effect on formation
of abdominal adhesions," Res Exp Med (Berlin) 187(5): 369-377,
198 . *
Alpha-Beta
Corporation-Annual Report 1994; PGG-glucan, 1994. *
Andaluz E., Guillen
A., Larriba G.; - "Preliminary evidence for a glucan acceptor in the
yeast Candida albicans," Biochem J.; 240: 495-502. 1986.
Anti-free Radical
Activity of Beta (1-3) glucan Molecule. Seporga Laboratories, Sophia
Antipolis, France. Research Report. 1990.
AOKI, - Immunomodulating
Agents: Properties and Mechanisms, Chirigos, eds, Marcel Dekker,
1984; 20:63-77. 1984.
Aono R., Hammura
M. et al; - "Isolation of extracellular 28- and 42-kilodalton beta-1-3-glucanases
and comparison of three beta-1, 3-glucanases produced by Bacillus
circulans IAM1165," Appl. Environ. Microbiol 61: 122-129.1995
Artursson P et
al; - "Macrophage stimulation with some structurally related
polysaccharides," Scand J Immunol 25(3): 245-254, Mar 1987. *
-
B - 
Babineau, et al.,
- "A Phase II Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-Controlled
Study of Three Dosages of an Immunomodulator (PGG-Glucan) in High
Risk Surgical Patients", Arch. Surg.; 129:1204-1210. 1994.
Dept of Surgery, Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
MA. *
Babineau, et al.,
- "Randomized Phase I/II Trial of a Macrophage-Specific Immunomodulator
(PGG-Glucan) in High Risk Surgical Patients", Annals of Surgery;
220: (5): 601-609. 1994. Dept of Surgery, Deaconess Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston MA. * Quote: "PGG-glucan is safe
and appears to be effective in further reduction of the morbidity
and cost of major surgery."*
Bacon J., et al.,
- "The Glucan Components of the Cell Wall of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) Considered in Relation to its Ultrastructure," Chemical
Abstracts, 71:109168c. 1991.
Bacon J., et al.,
- "The Glucan Components of the Cell Wall of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) Considered in Relation to its Ultrastructure," Biochem
J.; 114:557-567. 1969.
Baird et al.,
- "Investigation of the Polysaccharides Produced by Extracellular
Glycosyltransferases from Streptococcus Mutans," Chemical Abstracts;
vol. 77, No. 11, p. 242. Abs. No. 72399z. 1972.
Ballou CE; - "The
yeast cell wall and cell surface;" The Molecular Biology of the Yeast
Saccharomyces. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories. New York. p 335; 1982.
Barlin, et al.,
- Heterogeneity of Molecular Phagocytes, Forster & Landy, eds.,
Academic Press, New York, pp. 243-252. 1981.
Benach J.L., et
al., - "Glucan as an adjuvant for a murine Babesia microti immunization
trial," Infection and Immunity, 35(3): 947-951. 1982. Quote:
"These observations demonstrate that glucan is an effective adjuvant
in enhancing immunity to murine babesiosis."*
Beta (1-3) glucan
1.3 Glucan Activity in Mice: Intraperitoneal and Oral Applications.
Baylor College of Medicine. Research Summary. 1989.
Beta (1-3) glucan:
"I1-1 Cytokine Release after Oral Application in Mice". Baylor
College of Medicine. Research Report. 1994.
Bogwald J, Johnson
E, Hoffman J, Seljelid R, - "Lysosomal Glycosidase in Mouse Peritoneal
Macrophages Stimulated in Vitro with Soluble and Insoluble Glucans".
J. Leukocyte Biol.; 35: 357-371. 1984. *
Bogwald J, Johnson
E, Seljelid R; - "The Cytotoxic Effect of Mouse Macrophages Stimulated
in vitro by a beta. 1,3-D-Glucan from Yeast Cell Walls". Scand.
J. Immuol. 15: 297-304. 1982. Institute of Med Bio, U of Tromso,
Norway. Quote: " Macrophages stimulated by an insoluble beta 1-3-D-glucan
from yeast cell walls were able to destroy tumor cells as measured
by the release of radioactive label from prelabelled 14C-thymidine
cells. Target cells were B-16 melanoma, P-815 mastocytoma, and the
L-929 cell line. A significant target cell killing by macrophages
stimulated by glucan was observed after 72-96 h."
Bone, R.C., -
/Gram-negative sepsis. Background, clinical features and intervention.
Chest; 100:802-808. 1991.
Bomford and Moreno,
- "Mechanisms of the Anti-Tumor Effect of Glucans and Fructosans:
A Comparison with C. Parvum". Br. J. Cancer; 36:41-48. 1977.
Boone C, Sdicu
A, Laroche M, Bussey H; - "Isolation from Candida albicans
of a functional homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae KRE1 Gene,
which is involved in cell wall beta-glucan synthesis," J Bacteriol
173(21); 6859-6864, Nov 1991. *
Boone C., Sommer
SS, Hensel A., Bussey H., - "Yeast KRE genes provide evidence for
a pathway of cell wall beta-glucan assembly," J Cell Biol; 110:
1833-1843. 1990.
Borriss, et al.,
- "Molecular cloning of a gene coding for thermostable beta-glucanase
from Bacillus macerns," J. Basic Microbiol; 28:3-10. 1988.
Borriss, et al.,
- "Expressions in Escherichia coli of a cloned beta-glucanase gene
from Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens," Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol;
22:63-71. 1985.
Borriss, - Purification
and characterization of an extracelluar beta-glucanase from Bacillus
IMET B376 (1)), Z. Alg. Mikrobiologie; 21:7-17. 1981.
Borriss, et al.,
- "Beta-1, 3-1,4-glucanase in sporeforming microorganisms. V. The
efficiency of beta-glucanase in reducing the viscosity of wort", Zbl.
Bakt II Abt. 136:324-329. 1981.
Bousquet M., Escoula
L. et al; "Immunopharmacologic study in mice of 2 beta-1, 3, beta-1,
6 polysaccharides (Scleroglucan and PSAT) on the activation of macrophages
and T lymphocytes," Ann Rech Vet 20: 165-173. 1989. Station
of Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, INRA, Toulouse, France. * Quote:
"...PSAT and scleroglucan favorably affect the non-specific host
defense and cellular immune response in mice."
Bousquet M., Escoula
L., Pippy B, Besssieres MH, Chavant L, Seguela JP, "Enhancement of
Resistance of mice Toxoplasma gondi by 2 polysaccharides beta (1-3)
glucan 1-3, beta (1-3) glucan 1-6 (PSAT and Scleroglucan)" Ann
Parasitol Hum Comp., ^63 (6): 398-409. 1988. *
Bowers G., J.
Patchen MLl, et al, "Glucan enhances survival in an intraabdominal
infection model," J Surg Res 47(2): 183-188; Aug 1989. *
Broach JR, Pringle
JR and Jones EW; "The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae;" Genome Dynamics, Protein Synthesis, and
Energetics; Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring
Harbor, New York. 1991.
Browder W., Williams
D., Pretus H., et al; Beneficial Effect of Enhanced Macrophage Function
in the Trauma Patients. Ann. Surg.; Vol 211: 605-613. 1990.
Dept of Surg and Physiol, Tulane U Sch of Med, LA and Istituto Di
Chirurgia D'Urgenza, U of Torino, Torino, Italy. * Quote: "Previous
studies have demonstrated that glucan, a beta-1, 3-linked glucopyranose
polymer, isolated from the inner cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
is a potent macrophage stimulant and is beneficial in the therapy
of experimental bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases. Use of glucan
in a murine model of hind-limb crush injury decreased macrophage PGE2
release while stimulating bone marrow proliferation."
Browder Iw, Sherwood
E., Williams D., Jones E., Mcnamee R., Diluzio N., "Protective effect
of glucan-enhanced macrophage function in experimental pancreatitis",
Am J Surg.; 1153 (1): 25-33. 1987.
Browder W., Williams
D., Sherwood E., McNamee R., Jones E., Diluzio N., "Synergistic effect
of nonspecific immunostimulation and antibiotics in experimental peritonitis",
Surgery 102 (2): 206-214. 1987*
Browder W., et
al., "Modification of Post-Operative C. albicans Sepsis by Glucan
Immunostimulation," Int. J. Immunopharmac.; 6:19-26. 1984. Dept
of Surg and Physiol, Tulane U Sch of Med, LA Quote: "These observations
suggest that Biologic Response Modifiers such as glucan may be effectively
employed in patients who are at risk for post-operative infections."*
Browder W., et
al., "Protective Effect of Nonspecific Immunostimulation in Post Splenectomy
Sepsis". J. Surg. Res.; 35: 474-479. 1983. Dept of Surg and
Physiol, Tulane U Sch of Med, LA * Quote: "This study reports the
use of glucan, a beta-1, 3-polyclucose, as a nonspecific immunostimulant
for postsplenectomy pneumococcal sepsis. ...Nonspecific immunostimulation
appears to have significant potential as a treatment strategy against
postplenectomy infection."
Browder, W., Survey
of Immunological Research, 1983; 2:229-301. 1983.
Browder W., et
al., Immunomodulation by Microbial Products and Related Synthetic
Compounds, Yamamura et al., eds. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam; pp.
354-357. 1982.
Brown Jl, et al;
"A mutational analysis of killer toxin resistance in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae identifies new genes involved in cell wall (1-->6)-beta-glucan
synthesis," Genetics 133(4) 837-849, Apr 1993. *
Buddle BM, et
al, "Protective effect of glucan against experimentally induced
staphylococcal mastitis in ewes." Vet Microbiol 16(1): 67-76,
Jan 1988.
Bulone V., Fevre
m.; "A 34-kilodalton polypeptide is associated with 1,3-beta-glucan
synthase activity from the fungus Saprolegnia monoica," FEMS Microbiol
Lett: 140: 145-150, 1996.
Burgaleta C.,
Goide D. W.; Increased granulopoiesis and macrophage production
in glucan-treated mice; Chirigos MA, ed. Immune Modulation and
Control of Neoplosia by Adjuvant Therapy. New York: Raven Press, 195-219,
1978.
Burgaleta C.,
Territo M.C., Quan C.G., Goide D.W.; Glucan activated macrophages:
functional characteristics and surface morphology; J Reticuloendothel
Soc 23: 195-204. 1978.
Burgaleta, C.
and Golde, D.W.; "Effect of Glucan on Granulopoiesis and Macrophage
Genesis in Mice". Cancer Research; 37:1739-1742; Jun 1977. *
Cain J.A., Newman
S.L., Ross G.D., "Role of complement receptor type three and serum
opsonins in the neutrophil response to yeast," Complement 4: 75-86.1987.
Campbell I And
Duffus jh; eds., "Yeast." 1988.
Carrow, D.J.;
"Beta-1, 3-glucan as a Primary Immune Activator," Townsend
Letter; June 1996.
Cerenius L., Liang
Z., Duvie B., et al, "Structure and biological activity of a 1,3 beta-D-glucan-binding
protein in crustacean blood," J. Biol Chem 269: 29462-29467. 1994.
Chen Y-h Riby
Y., Srivastava P., Bartholomew J., Denison M, Bjeldanes L.; Regulation
of CYP1A1 by Indolo{3,2-b} Carbazole in Murine Hepatoma Cells. J
Biol Chem.; 270(38): 22548-55. 1995.
Chihara G., et
al., "Lentinan as a Host Defense Potentiator (HPD)," Int. J. Immunotherapy;
V (4): 145-154. 1989.
Chihara G., Rivista
di Immunolog, ed. Immunofarm.; 5: (2): 85-97. 1983.
Chirigos M.A.,
et al, Cancer Research; 38:1085-1091. 1978.
Cisreros RL, Gibson
FC 3, Tzianabos AO; "Passive transfer of poly- (1-6)-beta-Glucotrisyl-
(1-3)-beta glucopyranose glucan protection against lethal infection
in an animal model of intra-abdominal sepsis," Infect Immun
64(6): 2201-2205, Jun 1996. Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, MA. *
Clark A.E., Stone
B.A.; "Beta-glucan hydrolases from Aspergillus niger. Isolation of
a beta- (1-4)-glucan hydrolase and some properties of the beta- (1-3)-glucan-hydrolase
components," Bichem J 96: 793-801. 1965.
Cook J. A., et
al, Infection and Immunity; 40(3): 1038-1043. 1983.
Cook J. A., et
al, "Immunomodulation of Protozoan Diseases". Immunolg.
Res.; 2: 243-245. 1983.
Cook J. A., et
al, "Protective Effect of Glucan against Visceral Leishmaniasis
in Hamsters". Immun.; 37: 1261-1269. 1982.
Cook J. A., et
al,, "Viscereal Leishmaniasis in Mice: Protective Effect of
Glucan". J. Reticuloendothel; Soc. 27: 567-573. 1980.
Cross CE, Bancroft
GJ, "Ingestion of acapsular Cryptococcus neoformans occurs via mannose
and beta-glucan receptors, resulting in cytokine production
and increased phagocytosis of the encapsulated form." Infect
Immun 63:2604-2611. 1995. Dept Clin Sci, London Sch of Hyg and Trop
Med, England.
Crueger, et al.,
Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology; 2nd ed, pp.
9-58. 1989.
Czop JK, Janusz
M; "Derivativized polysaccharides with biologic activity, method of
their isolation, and uses therefor;" U.S. Patent 5057503, Issued
Oct 15, 1991. *
Czop J.K., Kay
J., Isolation and Characterization of B-glucan Receptors on Human
Mononuclear Phagocytes. J. Exp. Medicine; V.173: 1511-1520. 1991.
(Copy available) Dept of Med, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA. * Quote:
"...human alveolar macrophages ...possess phagocytic receptors
of comparable ligand specificity for the Beta glucans commonly present
in yeast and fungi. Pathogens such as Candida and Aspergilli contain
"yeast" glucan, cell wall components consisting of branched homopolymers
of Beta-D-glucose with 1,3 consecutive and 1,6-crosslinked chains
and prototypic of Saccharomyces cerevisiae."*
Czop J.K., Gurish
M.F., Kadish J.l., Production and Isolation of Rabbit Anti-idiotypic
Antibodies Directed Against the Human Monocyte Receptor for Yeast
B-glucans. Journal of Immunology; 145:995-1001. 1990. Dept
of Med, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA. * Quote (p1): "Beta-Glucans
with 1,3 and/or 1,6 linkages are the major structural components of
yeast and fungi and are pharmacological agents in animals...The cell
wall glucans of S. cerevisiae consist of two structurally distinct
Beta-glucans: major components comprised of consecutively, 1,3-linked
glucopyranosyl residues with small numbers of 1,6-linked branches,
and minor components with consecutive 1,6-linkages and 1,3-branches."
Czop, J.K., Valiante
N.M., Janusz M.J.; "Phagocytosis of particulate activators of the
human alternative complement pathway through monocyte beta-glucan
receptors," Prog Clin Biol Res 297: 287-296; 1989. Dept of Med,
Harvard Med S, Boston, MA. * Quote (p1): "Animal studies indicate
that beta-glucans with 1,3-and/or 1,6-linkages are active pharmacologic
agents that rapidly confer protection to a normal host against a variety
of biological insults. The beta-glucan receptors provide a mechanism
by which a heightened state of host responsiveness is initiated."
Czop J.K., Puglisi
A.V., Miorandi D.Z., Austen K.F.; "Pertubation of beta-glucan receptors
on human neutrophils initiates phagocytosis and leukotriene B4
production," J. Immunol 141: 3170-3176. 1988. *
Czop, Joyce K.,
"The Role of Beta-Glucan Receptors on Blood and tissue Leukocytes
in Phagocytosis and metabolic Activation". Pathology and Immunopathology
Research; 5:286-296. 1986. *
Czop J.K., Austen
K.F., A B-glucan Inhibitable Receptor on Human Monocytes: Its Identity
with the Phagocytic Receptor for Particular Activators of the Alternative
Complement Pathway. Journal of Immunology 134: 1985; 2588-2593.
1985. *
Czop J.K., Austen
K.F.; "Properties of glycans that activate the human alternative complement
pathway and interact with the human monocyte beta-glucan receptor,"
J Immunol 135: 3388-3393. 1985. *
Czop J.K., Austen
K.F.; "A beta-glucan inhibitable receptor on human monocytes: its
identity with the phagocytic receptor for particulate activators of
the alternative complement pathway," J Immunol 134(4): 2588-2593,
Apr 1985. *
Czop J.K., Austen
K.F.; "Generation of leukotrienes by human monocytes upon stimulation
of their beta-glucan receptor during phagocytosis," Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA; 82: 2751-2755 1985. *
Czop J.K., Dadish
Jl, Zepf DM and Austen KF; "Identification with monoclonal antibodies
of different regions of human plasma fibronectin, including that which
interacts with human monocyte fibronectin receptors;" Immunology.
54:407. 1985.
Czop J.K., Mcgowan
SE and Center DM; "Opsonin-independent phagocytosis by human alveolar
macrophages: augmentation by human plasma fibronectin;" Am Rev
Respir Dis, 125:607. 1982.
Czop J.K, Fearon
DT, and Austen KF; "Opsonin-independent phagocytosis of activators
of the alternative complement pathway by human monocytes;" J Immunol;
120:1,132; 1978.
-
D -
Damia, et al,
"Prevention of Acute Chemotherapy-Induced Deathin Mice by Recombinate
Human Interleukin 1: Protection from Hematological and Nonhematological
Toxicities", Cancer Research, vol. 52, pp. 4082-4089.
Daum T., Rohrbach
M.S.; "Zymosan induces selective release of arachidonic acid from
rabbit alveolar macrophages via stimulation of a beta-glucan receptor,"
FEBS Lett 309: 119-122; 1992.
Deimann W, Fahimi
HD, "The Appearance of Transition Forms Between Monocytes and Kupffer
Cells in the Liver of Rats Treated with Glucan," J Exp Med,
p883-897, Apr 1979. * Dept of Anat, U of Heidelberg, Germany. *
Delville, et al.,
entitled "Le-.beta-1, 3-Glucan et Autres Immunomodulateurs dans L'Unfection
lepresis Experimentale Chez La Souris". Acta Leprologica; 77/76:
273-281. 1979.
De Fellipi J.
Jr., Freire C.A.R., Harbach E.t. et al; Celularidade do sangue periferico
apos o emprego da glucana, um imunostimulante de SRE. Em pacientes
septicos e em voluntarios sem infeccao; Rev Ter Intensiva 1: 45-52;
1987.
Deslanders, et
al., "Triple-Helical Structure (1,3)-beta-D-Glucans". Macromolecules
13: 1466-1471. 1980.
"Development &
Comparative Immunology," Editorial Board, Pergamon; 1997.
Deville, et al.,
"Le-Beta 1,3-Glucan et Autres Immunomodulateurs dans L'Unfection lepresis
Experimental Chez La Souris" Acta Leprologica 77/76: 273-281.;
1979.
Diluzio N.R.,
"Soluble phosphorylated glucan," U.S. Patent 487777, Issued Oct
31, 1989.
Diluzio N.R. (deceased),
Williams D.L., Browder I.W.; Soluble phosphorylated glucan: methods
and compositions for treatment of neoplastic diseases; U.S. Patent
4818752; 1989.
Diluzio N.R.;
Soluble phosphorylated glucan; U.S. Patent 4739046; 1988.
Diluzio N.R. and
Williams D.L., " The Roll of Glucan in the Prevention and Modification
of Microparasitic Diseases;" in Chemical Regulation of Immunology
in Veterinary Medicine, Alan R. Liss, Inc.; pp. 443-456. 1984.
Diluzio N.R.,"Immunopharmacology
of glucan: a broad-spectrum enhancer of host defense mech/anisms,"
Trends in Pharmacol. SCI., 4:344-347. 1983. Dept of Physiology,
Tulane U, New Orleans, LA. * Quote: (p347) "The broad spectrum
of immunopharmacological activities of glucan includes not only the
modification of certain bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic infections,
but also inhibition of tumor growth."
Diluzio N.R. Williams
D.L. et al, "Comparative evaluation of the tumor inhibitory and antibacterial
activity of solubilized and particulate glucan," Recent Results
Cancer Res 75:165-172. 1980. * Quote: "Intravenous administration
of soluble or particulate glucan resulted in significant reduction
in the growth of a syngeneic anaplastic mammary carcinoma and melanoma
B16 and enhanced survival."
Diluzio NR, Williams
DL; "Enhancement of host susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection
by chronic ethanol ingestion-modification by glucan immunostimulation,"
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 4(3): 254-260. Jul 1980. * Quote: "The
administration of glucan significantly prolonged survival of S. Aureus
infected control and chronic ethanol mice."
Diluzio N.R. and
Chihara, Advances in Immunopharmacology Hadden et al., eds., Pergamon
Press Oxford and New York, pp. 477-484. 1980.
Diluzio NR, Williams
DL, et al, "Comparative tumor-inhibitory and anti-bacterial activity
of soluble and particulate glucan," Int J Cancer, 24(6): 773-779.
Dec 1979. * Quote: "...these studies demonstrate that a soluble
glucan preparation exhibits significant anti-tumor and anti-staphylococcal
activity."
Diluzio N.R.,
Kokoshis P.L.; Serum lysozyme: an index of macrophage function.
J Reticuloendothel Soc 25: 85-99, 1979.
Diluzio N.R. and
Williams D.L., "Glucan-Induced Modification of the Increases Susceptibility
of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice to Staphylococcus aureus Infection".
Cancer Immunol. Immunother.; 6: 73-79. 1979.
Diluzio NR, Williams
DL, "Protective effect of glucan against systemic Staphylococcus aureus
septicemia in normal and leukemic mice," Infect Immun 20(3): 804-810.
Jun 1978. * Dept of Physiology, Tulane U, New Orleans, LA. * Quote:
"These data denote that glucan enhances nonspecific resistance
to S. aureus sepsis, promotes survival during leukemic episodes, and
increases survival time of leukemic mice with experimentally induced
staphylococcal infection."
Diluzio N.R.,
Williams D.L., Cook J.L., Hoffman E.O.; Protective effect of glucan
in experimentally induced Candidiasis; J Reticuloendothel Soc 53:
479-490, 1978.
Diluzio N.R. and
Kupffer, Cells and other Liver Sinusoidal Cells. Wisse and Knook,
eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam; pp. 397-406. 1977.
Diluzio N.R.,
et al., The Macrophage and Cancer, James et al., eds: Edinburgh
Univer. Med. Pres.; pp. 181-201. 1977.
Diluzio N.R.,
et al., "The Employment of Glucan and Glucan Activated Macrophages
in the Enhancement of Host Resistance to Malignancies in Experimental
Animals," in The Macrophage in Neoplasia; Academic Press, Inc.
New York; pp. 181-198. 1976.
Diluzio N.R.,
Morrow H.S.; Comparative behavior of soluble and particulated antigens
and inert colloids in reticuloendotheilial-stimulated or depressed
mice; J Reticuloendothel Soc 9: 273-287, 1971.
DiLuzio N.R.,
et al., "Evaluation of the Mechanism of Glucan-Induced Stimulation
of the Reticuloendothelial System". J. Reticuloendothelial Soc.;
Soc.7: 731-742. 1970.
DiLuzio, N.R.
and Riggi, J. Reticuloendothel, Soc.; 8: 465-473. 1970.
Di Renzo, L.,
Yefenof, E., Klein E., "The Function of human NK cells is enhanced
by B-Glucan, a ligand of CR3 (CD11b/CD18)". Eur. J. Immunol., 21:1755-1758.
1991.
Doita M, Rasmussen
LT, Seljelid R, Lipsky PE, "Effect of soluble aminated beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose
on human monocytes: stimulation of cytokine and prostaglandin E2 production
but not antigen-presenting function." J Leukoc Biol 49(4): 342-351.
Apr 1991. *
Donzis B. A.;
Substantially purified beta (1,3) finely ground yeast cell wall glucan
composition with dermatological and nutritional uses; U.S.
Patent 5576015; 1996.
Donzis B.A.; Solubilized
yeast glucan; U.S. Patent 5519009; 1996.
Donzis B.A.; Photoprotective
composition containing yeast extract; U.S. Patent 5397773; 1995.
Donzis B.A.; Method
of revitalizing skin by applying topically water insoluble glucan;
U.S. Patent 5223491; 1993.
Donzis B.A.; Method
and Composition for Treating Hyperlipemia. U.S. Patent 4,891,220;
1990.
Drovanti A., Bignamini
A., Rovatyi A.; Therapeutic Activity of Oral Glucosamine Sulfate in
Osteoarthritis: A Placebo-controlled Double blind Investigation.
Clinical Therapeutics; 3(4): 260-272. 1980.
Duan X., Ackerly
M. et al; "Evidence for involvement of beta-glucan-binding cell surface
lectins."Cell Immunol 157: 393-402; 1994.*
Duvic B., Soderhall
K.; "Purification and partial characterization of a beta-1, 3-glucan-binding
protein membrane receptor from blood cells of the crayfish Pacifastacus
leniusculus," Eur J. Biochem 207: 223-228; 1992.
-
E -
Enhanced Healing
of Decubitus Ulcers by Topical Application of Particulate Glucan.
Tulane University School of Medicine; Research Summary. 1984.
Bisu et al, "Studies
on the Structure of Polysaccharides (Glucans and Fructans) Produced
by Cariogenic Streptococci and on an Enzyme Hydrolyzing the
Insoluble Glucan I. Structural Studies of Insoluble Glucan, Soluble
Glucan, and Fructans," Chemical Abstracts; vol. 38:pp. 374-381.
1976.
Elmets, et al.,
J. Investigative Dermatol.; 79:340-345. 1967.
Elstad MR, Parker
C et al; "CD11b/CD18 integrin and a beta-glucan receptor act in concert
to induce the synthesis of platelet-activating factor by monocytes,"
J Immunol 152:220-230. 1994. Dept of Med, Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Salt Lake City, UT. *
Ehrke, et al.,
Int'l J. Immunopharm.; 5: 34-42. 1992
Engstad RE, Robertsen
B, "Recognition of yeast cell wall glucan by Atlantic salmon (Salmo
salar L.) macrophages," Dev Comp Immunol 17:319-330. 1993. *
Evans et al, "Modification
of the Bone Marrow Toxicity of Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum
(II) in Mice ByDiethydithiocarbamate", Cancer Research; vol. 44,
pp. 3686-3690. Sep 1984.
-
F -
Federal Drug Administration,
"Appendix A Food Additives," Yeast extract (Bakers) - FL/ADJ, GRAS,
See Specs 184.1983. Washington DC. http://www.fda.gov 1997.
Felippe J., Silva
M., Maciel F.M., et al., Infection prevention in patients with severe
multiple trauma with the immunomodulator beta (1-3) glucan 1-3
polyglucose (glucan). Surg. Gynecol Obstet., 177: 3833-388. 1993.
Fernandez-Botran,
Vetvicka V.; "Methods in Cellular Immunology," CRC Press.
1995.
Fitzpatrick, F.W.,
Dicarlo J.F., "Zymosan". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences;
V.118, p233-262. 1964. *
Fleet. G. H.,
et al., "Isolation and Composition of an Alkali-Soluble Glucan from
the Cell Walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Chemical Abstracts;
85:89819z. 1976.
Fleet. G. H.,
et al.,"Isolation and Composition of an Alkali-Soluble Glucan from
the Cell Walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Journal of General
Microbiology; 94:180-192. 1976.
Fornusek L., Vetvicka
V.; "Immune System Accessory Cells," CRC Press. 1992.
Franek J, Malina
J, Kratka H, "Bacterial infection modulated by glucan: a search
for the host defense potentiation mechanisms," Folia Microbiol
(Praha) 37(2): 146-152. 1992. *
-
G -
Gallin, Int. J. Immunopharmac.;
14:173-183. 1992.
Giaimis J., Lombard Y.,
et al; "Both mannose and beta-glucan receptors are involved in phagocytosis
of unopsonized, heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae by murine macrophages,"
J. Leukoc Biol 54: 564-571. 1993. *
Gilcrest, et al., J.
Am. Acad. Dermatol.; 5:411-422. 1982.
Gillet et al., "Particulate
beta 1-3 Glucan and Casual Prophylaxis of Mouse Malaria (Plasmodium
berghei)". In advances in Exper. Med. and Biology; vol 121A, Escobar
and Friedman, eds. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 307-313. 1980.
Glovsky MM, et al,; "Effects
of particulate beta-1, 3 glucan on human, rat, and guinea pig complement
activity," J. Reticuloendothel Soc. 33:401-413. 1983. * Quote:
"Glucan administration is associated with the modification of a
variety of experimentally induced infectious disease states as well
as the inhibition of growth of implantable and spontaneous tumors."
Goldman R., "Characteristics
of the B-glucan Receptor of Murine Macrophages". Exp.Cel. Res.;
174:481-490; 1988. *
Goldman R., "Induction
of a beta-1, 3-D-Glucan Receptor in P388D1 Cells Treated with Retinoic
Acid of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (3)," Immunology; 63:319-324. 1988.
Goodson, William, Hohn,
David, Hunt, Thomas K. and Leung, Y.K., "Augmentation of Some Aspects
of Wound Healing by a Skin Respiratory Factor". Journal
of Surgical Research; 21:125-129. 1976.
Goto H., Yuasa K., Rylander
R.; "(1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in indoor air, its measurement and in
vitro activity," Am J. Ind Med 25: 81-83.1994.
Green et al., "Preclinical
Evaluation of WR-151327" An Orally Active Chemotherapy Protector",
Cancer Research, vol. 54, issued Aug. 1, 1992
-
H -
Hagiwara K., Kikuch
M., "Anti-virus agent." (Schlerotium glucanicum et al).
U.S. Patent 5320849. Issued June 14, 1994. *
Hall MN and Linder
P; "The Early Days of Yeast Genetics," Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 1993.
Hamuro, et al.,
Immunomodulating Agents: Properties and Mechanisms, Chirgos, eds.,
Marcel Dekker, Inc.; pp. 409-436. 1984.
Hara C., et al.,
"A Branched (1.fwdarw.3)-beta-D-Glucan From a Water Extract of Dictyophora
indusiata FISCH," Carb. Res.; 145:237-246. 1986.
Harada, et al.,
" Agricultural Biological, Growth and beta-Glucan 10C3K Production
by a Mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes in Defined Medium";
vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 764-769. 1966.
Harada, et al.,
" Production of a Firm, Resilient Gel-Forming Polysaccharide by a
Mutant of Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes 10C3", Agr. Biol.
Chem.; vol. 30, No. 2, pp 196-198. 1966.
Hartland RP, Emerson
GW, Sullivan PA, "A secreted beta-glucan-branching enzyme from Candida
albicans," Pro R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 246(1316): 155-160. Biochem
Dept, U of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Nov 1991
Hassid, W.Z.,
Joslyn, M.A., McReady, R.M., "The Molecular Constitution of an Insoluble
Polysaccharide From Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisae"; Journal of
American Chemical Society, 1941; 63:295-298. 1941.
Hofemeister, "The
beta-glucanase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens shows extensive
homology with that of Bacillus subtilis," Gene; 49:177-187.
1986.
Holbrook J.A.C.,
Parker J.L.; Immunization against Leishmania donovani: glucan as an
adjuvant with killed promastigotes; Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 762-768,
1981.
Holbrook T.W.,
et al., "Glucan-Enhanced Immunogenicity of Killed Erythrocylic Stages
of Plasmodium Benghei"; Infection and Immunity, 32, 542. 1981.
Honda S., et al,
"Activation of the alternative pathway of complement by an antitumor
(1----3)-beta-D-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO
13140, and its lower molecular weight and carboxymethylated derivatives,""Immunopharmacology
11:29-37. 1986. *
-
I -
Inai et al., "Activation
of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Water-Insoluble Glucans of
Streptococcus mutans: the Relation between Their Chemical Structures
and Activating Potencies." J. Immunol.; 117" 1256-1260. 1976.
Inamuzu T., Chang
M.P., Makinodan T.; "Influence of Age on the Production and Regulation
of Interleukin-1 in Mice", Immunology; V.55, p.447. 1985. *
-
J -
Jacques, et al.,
"Immunomodulator Polysaccharides". Current Concepts in Human
Immunology and Cancer Immunomodulation, Serron et al., eds. Elsevier
Biomedical Press BV, pp. 429-438. 1982.
Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R., DavidsonDd; "Method for producing soluble glucans,"
U.S. Patent 5633369. Issued May 27, 1997. *
Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R.; "Glucan Preparation," U.S. Patent 5622939. Issued
April 22, 1997. *
Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R.;"Glucan drug delivery system and adjuvant," U.S.Patent
5607677. Issued March 4, 1997. *
Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R.;"Use of aqueous soluble glucan preparations to
stimulate platelet production." U.S. Patent 5532223. Issued
July 2, 1996. *
>Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R.;"Use of neutral soluble glucan preparations to
stimulate platelet production." U.S. Patent 5488040. Issued
January 30, 1996. *
Jamas S., Easson
D., Ostroff G.R.;"Method for producing neutral glucans for pharmaceutical
applications," U.S. Patent 5322841. Issued June 21, 1994. *<
Jamas, et al.,
"A Novel Class of Macrophage-Activating Immunomodulators", ACS
Series, Polymeric Drugs and Delivery Systems; Chapter 5, pp. 44-51.
1991.
Jamas, et al.,
Biotech. and Bioeng., 1986; 28: 769-784. 1986.
Jamas, et al.,
"In: Industrial Polysaccharides: Genic Engineering Structure/Property
Relations and Appl.", Elserier Science Publ. B.V., Amsterdam N.C.;
pp. 65-69.
James S., Chen
Y-CJ, Von Der Osten C.H., et al., "Spectral analysis of glucan produced
by wild-type and mutant Saccharomyces cerevesiae". Carbohydr. Polym.,
13:207-219. 1990.
Janusz M.J., Austen
K.F., Czop J.K.; "Isolation of a Yeast Heptaglucoside that Inhibits
Monocyte Phagocytosis of Zymosan Particles". The Journal of Immunology;
142:959-965. 1989. Dept of Med, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA. *
Quote: "Beta-Glucans with 1, 3-and 1, 6 glycosidic linkages are
the major structural components of yeast and fungal cell walls and
are active pharmacologic agents in host defense systems of plants
and animals.... The administration of particulate glucans from S.
cerevisiae to laboratory animals induces host resistance to a variety
of lethal pathogens by mechanisms involving macrophage stimulation.
In vitro studies reveal that bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages
and human peripheral blood monocytes possess Beta-glucan receptors
that mediate phagocytosis of glucan particles and induce release of
proinflammatory mediators..."
Janusz M.J., Austen
K.F., Czop J.K.; Phagocytosis of Heat-killed Blastophores of Candida
Albicans by Human Monocyte B-glucan Receptors. Immunology; 65:181-185.
1988. *
Janusz M.J., Austen
K.F., Czop J.K.; "Lysosomal enzyme release from human monocytes by
particulate activators is mediated by beta-glucan inhibitable receptors,"
J. Immunol 138: 3897-3901. 1987. *
Janusz M.J., et
al, "Isolation of Soluble Yeast beta-Glucan that Inhibit Human Monocyte
Phagocytosis Mediated by beta-Glucan Receptors," L. Immunol; 137:3270-3276.
1986. *
Jiang B., Sheraton
J., et al; "CWH41 encodes a novel endoplasmic reticulum membrane N-glycoprotein
involved in beta 1, 6-glucan assembly," J. Bacteriol 178: 1162-1171.
1996.
Jones EW, Broach
JR and Pringle JR. ;"The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae;" Gene Expression; Cold Springs Harbor
Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. 1992.
Jorgensen J.B.,
Robertsen B.; "Yeast beta-glucan stimulates respiratory burst activity
of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages," Dev Comp
Immunol 19: 43-57. 1995. *
Jorgensen J.B.,
"Quantification of high molecular weight (1-3)(1-4)-beta-D-glucan
using calcofluor complex formation and flow injection analysis. I.
Analytical principle and its standardization," Carlsberg Res. Commun.
(1988); 53:277-285. 1988.
-
K -
Kadish, J.L.,
Choi C.C., Czop J.K.; "Phagocytosis of unopsonized zymosan particles
by trypsin-sensitive and beta-glucan-inhibitable receptors on bone
marrow-derived murine macrophages," Immunol Res 5: 129-138. 1986.
*
Kallin E., et
al, "New Derivatization and Separation Procedures for Reducing
Oligosaccharides", Glycoconjugate J; pp. 311-319. Sep 1984.
Kan V.L., Bennett
J.E.; "Beta 1, 4-oligoglucosides inhibit the binding of Aspergillus
fumigatus conidia to human monocytes," J Infect Dis 163: 1154-1156.
1991.
Kaplan J.; "Acceleration
of Wound Healing by a Live Yeast Cell Derivative". Archives
and Surgery", Sep. 1984; 119:1005-1008. 1984.
Kapteyn J.C.,
Montijn R.C., et al; "Retention of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall
proteins through a phosphodiester-linked beta-1, 3/beta-1, 6-glucan
heteropolymer," Glycobiology 6: 337-345. 1996. * Institute
of Molecular Cell Biology, U of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kapteyn J.C.,
Montijn R.C., et al; "Covalent association of beta-1, 3-glucan with
beta-1, 6-glucosylated mannoprotein in cell walls of Candida albicans,"
J Bacteriol 177: 3788-3792. 1995. *
Kapteyn J.C.,
Montijn R.C., et al; "Glucosylation of cell wall proteins in regenerating
spheroplasts of Candida albicans," FEMS Microbiol Letter 128: 271-277.
1995. *
Kapteyn J.C.,
Montijn R.C., et al; "Identification of beta-1, 6-glucosylated cell
wall proteins in yeast and hyphal forms of Candida albicans," Euro
J Cell Biol 65: 402-407. 1994. *
Kasahara S., Ben
Inoue S., Mio T., Yamada T., Nakajima T., Ichishima E., Furuichi Y.,
Yamada H., "Involvement of cell wall beta (1-3) glucan-glucan in the
action of HM-1 killer toxin", FEBS Lett 348 (1): 27-32. 1994.
Kasai, S., Fujimoto
S., Nitta K., Baba H., Kunimoto T., "Antitumor activity of polymorphonuclear
leukocytes activated by a B-1, 3-D-glucan". J. Pharmacobiodyn.
14:519-525. Medline.
Kashkina Ma.,
Freidlin IS., "Macrophage activation by polysaccharides from yeast-like
fungi", Biull Eskp Biol. Med 89 (4): 439-441. 1980.
Kay J., Czop J.K.,
""Enhancement of human monocyte beta-glucan receptors by glucocorticoids,"
Immunology 81: 96-102. 1994. *
Kiistala, et al.,
J. Investigative Dermatol.; 48:466-477. 1967.
Kimura, et aL.,
"In Vitro Activation of Human Adherent Cells by a Glucan, Schizophyllan".
J. Reticuloendothel.; Soc. 34: 1-11. 1983.
Kohl, et al.,
"Inhibition of Human Monocyte-Macrophage and Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity
to Herpes simplex Cells by Glucan". J. Immunol. Methods; 29: 361-368.
1979. * Quote: "Particulate, cell-associated glucan irreversibly
inhibited MP antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)."
Kokoshis P.L.,
Williams D.L., Cook J.A., Di Luzio N.R.; Increased resistance to Staphylococcus
aureus infection and enhancement in serum lysozyme activity by glucan.
Science 199: 1340-1342, 1978. * Quote: "These studies indicate
that glucan confers an enhanced state of host defense against bacterial
infections."
Konopski Z., Seljelid
R., Eskeland T.; "Interferon-gamma inhibits endocytosis of soluble
animated beta-1, 3-D-glucan and neutral red in mouse peritoneal
macrophages," J Interferon Cytokine Res 15(7): 597-603. Jul
1995. * Dept of Exper Path and Anat, U of Tromso, Norway.
Konopski Z., Seljelid
R., Eskeland T.; "IFN-gamma inhibits internalization of soluble aminated
beta-1-3-D-glucan by macrophages and thereby down-regulates the glucan
induced release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta," Scand J. Immunol 40:
57-63. 1994. *
Konopski Z., Seljelid
R., Eskeland T.; "A novel immunomodulator soluble aminated beta-1,
3-D-glucan: binding characteristics to mouse peritoneal macrophages,"
Biochem Biophys Acta 1221(1): 61-65. Mar 1994. *
Konopski Z., Seljelid
R., Eskeland T.; "Cytokines and PGE2 modulate the phagocytic function
of the beta-glucan receptor in macrophages," Scand J. Immunol 37:
587-592. 1993. *
Konopski, Z.,
et al., "Phagocytosis of beta-1, 3-D-Glucan-Derivatized Microbeads
by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages Involves Three Different Receptors,"
Scand. J. Immunol.; 33:297-306. 1991. *
Kopecka M.; "Electron
microscopic study of purified polysaccharide components glucans and
mannan of the cell walls in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"
J Basic Microbiol 25: 161-174. 1985. *
Kopecka M., et
al., The Journal of Cell Biology; 62:66-76. 1974.
-
L -
Lahnborg G., Hedstrom
K.G., Nord C.E.; "The Effect of Glucan - A Host Resistance Activator
and Ampicillin on Experimental Intraabdominal Sepsis". Journal
of Reticuloendothelial Society. 32: 347-353. 1982. * Quote: "It
is concluded that glucan, in combination with Ampicillin, has a significant
effect on the survival rate of rats with induced peritonitis, probably
by enhancing the activities of the reticuloendothelial system, an
important part of the total host resistance."
Lahnborg, et al.,
"Glucan-Induced Enhancement of Host Resistance in Experimental
Intraabdominal Sepsis". Eur. Surg. Res.; 401-408. 1982. *
Larm O., Seljelid
R., "Water-soluble aminated beta-1, 3-bount D-glucan and composition
containing same," U.S. Patent 4707471; Issued Nov 17, 1987.
Leibovich S.J.,
et al., "Promotion of Wound Repair in Mice by Application of Glucan".
J. Reticuloendothel, Soc. 27: 1-11. 1980.
Lejeune FJ., Vercammen-Granfjean
A., Mendes Da Costa P., Bron D., Defleur V., "Suppressor cell induction
and reticuloendothelial cells activation produced in the mouse by
beta(1-3)glucan 1-3 glucan", Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 121 (A): 235-244.
1979. *
Lotzova and Gutterman,
"Effect of Glucan on Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Further Comparison
between NK Cell and Bone Marrow Effector Cell Activities".
J. Immunol., 123: 607-611. 1979.
-
M -
Mahauthaman R,
Howell CJ, Spur BW, Youlten LJ, Clark TJ, Lessof MH and Lee TH; "The
generation and cellular distribution of leukotriene C4 in human eosinophils
stimulated by unopsonized zymosan and glucan particles;" J Allergy
Clin Immunol 81:696. 1988.
Manners, D.J.,
Masson, A.J. & Patterson, J.C.: "Heterogeneity of Glucan Preparations
from the Walls of Various Yeasts". J. of Gen Micro.; 411-417. 1974.
Manners, D.J.,
et al., "The Structure of a beta- (1.fwdarw.3)-D-Glucan from Yeast
Cell Walls," BiochemJ.; 135: 19-30. 1973.
Mansell P.W.A.,
Rowden G., Hammer C.; Clinical experiences with the use of glucan.
Chirigos MA, ed.; Immune Modulation and Control of Neoplasia by
Adjuvant Therapy. Raven Press, New York 255-280; 1978.
Mansell P.W.A.,
Ichinose H., Reed RJ., Krements E.T., McNamee R.B., Di Luzio N.R.;
Macrophage-medicated Destruction of Human Malignant Cells in Vivo.
Journal of National Cancer Institute; 54: 571-580. 1975.
Mansell P.W.A.
and Diluzio N.R., Macrophage in Neoplasia Fink, ed. Academic Press,
New York, pp. 227-243. 1976.
Mansell P.W.A.,
et al., Activation of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Water-Insoluble
Glucans of Streptococcus mutans: the Relation Between Their
Chemical Structures and Activating Potencies". Macrophage-Mediated
Destruction of Human Malignant Cells in Vitro; Inai et al., J. Immunol
(1976); 1256-1260. 1976
Mansell P.W.A.,
Ichinose H., Reed R.J., Krements E.T., McNamee R.B., Di Luzio N.R.;
"Macrophage-mediated Destruction of Human Malignant Cells in Vitro".
Journal of National Cancer Institute; 54: 571-580. 1975. Quote: "The
initial 9 patients studied had malignant carcinoma of the breast.
Control and experimental lesions were injected; subsequently
biopsies were performed at varying intervals for histologic evaluation.
Always when glucan or glucan and RF fractions were administered intra-lesionally;
the size of the lesion was strikingly reduced in as short a period
as 5 days. ...In small lesions, resolution was complete, whereas in
large lesions, resolutions was partial."
Marchetti M.,
Pisani S., Pietropaolo V., Seganti L., Nicoletti R., Degener A., Orsi
N., "Antiviral effect of a polysaccharide from Sclerotium glucanicum
towards herpes simplex virus type 1 infection", Planta.
Med. 62 (4): 303-307. 1996.
Marrow S.H., Di
Luzio N.R., The fate of foreign red cells in mice with altered reticuloendothelial
function. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 119: 647-652, 1965.
Maruyama, K.,
Yamamoto, K., Nagura, S.; "Method for purifying polysaccharides,"
U.S. Patent 5602241; Issued February 11, 1997.
Mashiba, et Al.,
"In Vitro Activation of Human Adherent Cells by a Glucan Schlzophillan".
Japan J. Exp. Med; 53: 195-198. 1983.
McCleary, "Soluble,
dye-labeled polysaccharides for the assay of endohyrolases," Methods
Enzymol; 160:74-86. 1988.
Meira, D.A., et
al; The Use of Glucan as Immunostimulant in the Treatment of Paracoccidioidomycosis;
Am J. Trop Med Hyg 55(5), 496-503; 1996. Dept of Trop Dis, Dept
of Microbio, State U of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Quote: "...glucan
enhances the immune response through stimulation of macrophages by
increasing their number, size, and function, stimulates secretion
of lysozyme and TNF by activated macrophages, increases the phagocytosis
of antigens, activates the formation of granulocyte and monocyte colonies,
and factors increased activity of T and B lymphocytes, as well as
complement activation. "
Mio T. et al,
"Isolation of the Candida albicans homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
KRE6 and SKN1: expression and physiological function," J Bacteriol
179(7): 2363-2372, Nippon Roche Res Ctr, Kamakura, Japan. Apr 1977.
Mitsutake K, et
al; "Enolase Antigen, Mannan Antigen, Cand-Tec Antigen, and (-Glucan
in Patients with Candidemia," J of Clin MicroB, p1918-1921, 1137;
1996. Copyrighted. Sec Dept of Int Med, Nagasaki U Sch of Med, Nagasaki,
Japan. *
Miura N.N., Ohno
N., Adachi Y., Yadomae T.; "Characterization of sodium hypochlorite
degradation of Beta-glucan in relation to its metabolism in vivo,"
Chem Pharm Bulletin (Tokyo) 44: 2137-2141. 1996. *
Miyazaki, T.,
et al., "Structural Examination of Antitumor, Water-Soluble Glucans
from Grifora umbrellata by Use of Four Types of Glucanase," Carbohydrate
Research; 65:235-243. 1978.
Modification of
Experimental Viral Hepatitis by Glucan Induced Macrophage Activation".
Elesevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; pp. 363-368. 1980.
Morikawa K., Takeda,
M., Yamazaki, M., and Mizuno D., "Induction of tumoricidal activity
of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by a linear B-1, 3-D-glucan and other
immunomodulators in murine cells". Cancer Res., 45: 1496-1501.
(Medline).
Montijn RC et
al, "Glucomannoproteins in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
contain a novel type of carbohydrate side chain," J Biol Chem,
269(30): 19338-19342: Inst of Molecular C Biol, U of Amsterdam, The
Netherlands. Jul 1994.
Mortimer RK, Contopoulou
CR, King JS, "Genetic and physical maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"
Edition 11. Yeast 8:817-902. 1992.
Muller A., Rice
P.J., Ensley H.E., et al; "Receptor binding and internalization
of a water-soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan biologic response
modifier in two monocyte/macrophage cell lines," J.Immunol 156:
3418-3425. 1996. *
Murphy, "The DNA
sequence of the gene and genetic control sites for the execration
B. subtilis enzyme beta-glucanase," Nucleic Acids Res.; 12:5355-5367.
1984.
Muto S., Vetvicka
V., Ross G.D.; "CR3 expressed by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells is
upregulated in a manner similar to neutrophils following stimulation
with various activating agents," J Clin Immunol 13: 175-184. 1993.
-
N -
Nakajima T and
Ballou CE; "Structure of the linkage region between the polysaccharide
and protein parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan." J Biol Chem.
249:7685. 1974.
Nemoto J., Ohno
N., et al; Analysis of cytokine in mBNAs induced by the administration
of a highly branched (1-3)-B-D-glucan. OL-2. Biol. Pharm Bull.
17:948-54; 1994.
Niki L., Allbright
L., "Composition and method to enhance the efficacy of a fish vaccine
and to stimulate the immune system of fish." (A method to stimulate
the immune system by a beta (1-3) glucan having a beta (1-3) glucan-1,
3-linked main chain with beta (1-3) glucan-1, 6-linked single glucose
side chains); U.S. Patent 5189028. Issued February 23, 1993.
Niskanen E.O.,
Burgaleta C., Cline M.J., Goide D.W.; Effect of glucan, a macrophage
activator, on murine haemopoietic cell proliferation in diffusion
chambers in mice; Cancer Res 38: 1406-1409, 1978.
Norton MD, JA
[Prof. of Surg, Chief of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery]; "Editorial:
Annals of Surgery," Washington University School of Medicine, Nov
1994. Quote: "In a prospective, randomized double-blind study,
[Babineau, et.al.] demonstrate that the preoperative administration
of PGG-glucan, a substance derived from yeast that increases the microbial
killing activity of leukocytes, can decrease infectious complications
in patients undergoing major surgical procedures...the preliminary
results are positive and should be interpreted as good news."
Nuyen and Stadtsbaeder,
"Comparative Biological and Antitoxoplasmic Effects of Polysaccharides,
In Vitro". In Advances in Exper. Med. and Biology, vol. 121A Escobar
and Friedman, eds. Plenum Press, New York; pp. 255-266. 1980.
-
O -
Ohno N., Terui
T., Chiba N., Kurachi K., Adachi Y., Yadomae T.; "Resistance of highly
branched (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans to formolysis," Chem Pharm Bulletin
(Tokyo) 43: 1057-1060. 1995. *
Olson E.J., Standing
J.E, et al; "Fungal beta-glucan interacts with vitronectin and
stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha release from macrophages,"
Infect Immun 64: 3548-3554. 1996.
Onderdonk, AB.,
et al., "Anti-Infective Effect of Poly-.beta.1-6 -Glucotrisyl-beta
1-3-Glucopyranose Glucan In Vivo," Infec. Immun.; 60:1642-1647.
1992. Dept of Pathology, Channing Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA. * Quote: "Mice challenged with Escherichia coli
or Staphylococcus aureus were protected against lethal peritonitis
by the intravenous administration of 10 micrograms of poly-beta 1-6-glucotriosyl-beta
1-3-glucopyranose (PGG) glucan per animal 4 to 6 h prior to bacterial
challenge."
Ostroff, G.R.;
"Inhibition of infection-stimulated oral tissue destruction by beta
(1-3) glucan (1,3)-glucan," U.S. Patent 5622940. Issued April 22,
1997.>
Ostroff, et al.,
"Manipulation of Yeast Glucan Structure: Molecular Weight, Branch
Frequency and Branch Length". The Fermentor, 9(12)L51, American
Cancer Society; Abstract No. 19.; Aug 1989.
-
P -
Patchen M.L. [V
Chrm, Dept of Surg, U of Washington], et al, "Mast Cell Growth Factor
(c-kit Ligand) in Combination with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating
Factor and Interleulin-3: in vivo Hemopoietic effects in Irradiated
Ice compared to in vivo effects", Biotherapy; vol. 7. pp. 13-26.
1994.
Patchen M.L.,
et al, "Effects of Combined Administration of Interleukin-6 and Granulocyte
Colony-Stimulating Factor on Recovery from Radiation-Induced Hemopoietic
Aplasia", Experimental Hematology; vol. 21, see pp. 338-344. 1993.
Patchen M.L.,
D'Alesandro M.M., Brook I., Blakely W.F. Mcvittie T.J.; "Glucan: Mechanisms
Involved in Its 'Radioprotective' Effect". J Leuc Biol.; 42:95-105.
1987.
Pachen M.L. Macvittie
TJ, "Comparative effects of soluble and particulate glucans on survival
in irradiated mice," J Biol Response Mod 5(1): 45-60. Feb 1986.
* Experimental Hematology Dept, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research
Inst, Bethesda, MD. Quote: "Both glucan-P and glucan-F enhanced
the recovery of peripheral blood white cell numbers, platelet numbers,
and hematocrit values. In addition, both agents increased endogenous
pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell numbers in sublethally irradiated
mice."
Pachen M.L., Macvittie
T.J.; "Stimulated Hemopeiesis and Enhanced Survival Following Glucan
Treatment in Sublethally and Lethally Irradiated Mice". Int.
J. Immunopharmac; 7: 923-932. 1985.
Patchen M.L.,
et al., J. Biol. Res. Mod.; 3:627-633. 1984. Patchen M.L.,
McVittie T.J.; Temporal Response of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells
and Myeloid and Erythroid Progenitor Cells to Low-dose Glucan Treatment.
Acta Hemat; 70:281-288. 1983. Experimental Hematology Dept, Armed
Forces Radiobiology Research Insti, Bethesda, MD. * Quote: "Clearly,
there are numerous possible uses for an agent such as glucan, which
is a potent stimulator of hemopoietic activity. Currently, we [U.S.
Armed Services] are using glucan to enhance hemopoietic proliferation
in conjunction with hemopoietic injury induced by radiation."
Patchen, M.L.,
Survey of Immunological Research; 2: 237-242. 1983.
Patchen, M.L.,
Lotzova E.; Modulation of murine hemopoiesis by glucan; Exp Hermatol
8: 409-422, 1980.
Patent Abstracts
of Japan; "Production of beta-1, 3-glucan" (24 May 1989) vol. 13,
No. 224, (C-599) {3572) & Japanese Patent Application No. 137297;
7 Feb. 1989.
Patent Abstracts
of Japan; "Production of beta-1, 3-glucan by cell of genus Euglena,"
15 Aug 1988, vol. 12, No. 299, (C-520) {3146} & Japanese Patent
Application No. 6371192, 31 Mar. 1988.
Paulik S., Svrcek
S., et al; "The effect of fungal and yeast glucan and levamisole on
the level of the cellular immune response in vivo and leukocyte
phagocytic activity in mice," Vet Med (Praha) 37: 675-685.
1992. *
Petre, et al.,
"Purification and properties of an endo-beta-1, 4-glucanase from Clostridium
thermocellum," (abst.) 7-Enzymes, (1981); 95:145879q, Biochemie;
63:629-639. 1981.
Popisil, et al.,
"Glucan Induced Hemopoietic Recovery in Gamma-Irradiated Mice".
Experientia; 38: 1232-1234. 1982.
Poutsiaka D.D.,
et al, "Cross-linking of the beta-glucan receptor on human monocytes
results in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but not interleukin-1
production," Blood 82: 3695-3700; 1993. Dept of Med, New England
Med Ctr, Boston, MA. Quote: "Because of their differential effects
on cytokine production, beta-glucans may be used to therapeutic advantage
in the diseases in which IL-1 is implicated."*
Pretus, H. A.,
et al., "Isolation, Physicochemical Characterization and Preclinical
Efficiency Evaluation of Soluble Scleroglucan," The Journal of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 500-510. 1991.
Price G.B., Makinodan
T.; "Immunologic Deficiencies in Senescence". The Journal of Immunology;
108: 403-312. 1972.
Proctor, et al.,
"Development of a Bioassay for Anti-Tumor Activity of the Reticuloendoethelial
Stimulant Class: Reproducibility of the Bioassay". J. Immunopharmacol.;
3: 385-395. 1981-1982. * Quote: "Intravenously administered
DiLuzio glucan...caused dose dependent increases in the tumor cell
loss from the lungs of ...mice challenged respectively with intravenous
125IuDR labeled B16 or T 1699 mammary carcinoma cells."
Proctor J.W.,
Stiteler R.D., Yamamura Y., Mansell P.W., Winters R., "Effect of glucan
and other adjuvants on the clearance of radiolabeled tumor cells
from mouse lungs", Cancer Treat. Rep. ^2 (11): 1873-1880. (1978).
Proctor and Yamamura;
"Letters to the Editor: Effectiveness of Glucan in the Treatment of
Human Neoplasia". J. Nat'l Cancer Inst.; 61: 1179-1180. 1978.
-
Q -
-
R -
Raa J., Roerstad
G., Engstad R., Robertsen B., "The Use of Immunostimulants to Increase
Resistance of Aquatic Organisms to Microbial Infection". J.
Dermatol. Surg. Oncol., (1989) 15:1199-1202. 1989.
Radioprotective
Effect of Oral Administration of Beta (1-3) glucan" Research Report,
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 1989.
Rasmussen, LT,
Konopski Z, Oian P, Seljelid R; "Killing of Escherichia coli
by mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils stimulated in vitro with
beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives," Microbiol Immunol 36(11):1173-1188.
1992. * Inst of Med Bio, U of Tromso, Norway.
Rasmussen, LT
and Seljelid, R.: "Novel Immunomodulators With Pronounced In Vitro
Effects Caused by Stimulation of Cytokine Release", Journal of
Cellular Biochemistry; 46:60-68. 1991. * Inst of Med Bio, U of
Tromso, Norway. Quote: "Beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose derivatives protect
mice against otherwise lethal bacterial infections."
Rasmussen LT,
Seljelid R, "Dynamics of blood components and peritoneal fluid
during treatment of murine E. coli sepsis with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose
derivatives. I. Cells.," Scand J Immunol 32(4): 321-331. Oct
1990. *
Rasmussen LT,
Seljelid R, "Dynamics of blood components and peritoneal fluid during
treatment of murine E. coli sepsis with beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose
derivatives. II. Interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin
E2 and leukotriene B4," Scand J Immunol 32(4): 333-340. Oct 1990.
*
Rasmussen LT,
Seljelid R, "The modulatory effect of lipoproteins on the release
of interleukin 1 by human peritoneal macrophages stimulated with beta-1,
3-D-polyglucose derivatives." Apr 1989. *
Rasmussen LT,
Seljelid R, "Production of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 by mouse
peritoneal macrophages stimulated with beta-1, 3-D-glucan derivatized
plastic beads," Scand J Immunol 26(6): 731-736. Dec 1987. *
Rasmussen, LT,
Fandrem. Jr., and Seljelid R., "Dynamics of Blood Components and Peritoneal
Fluid During Treatment of Murine E. Coli Sepsis with beta-1,
3-D-polyglucose Derivatives"; Scand. J 63:73-80 Immunol. 1985.
Ray P.M.; "Cooperative
action of beta-glucan synthetase..." Biochim Biophys Acta 629:
431-444. 1980.
Reynolds J.A.,
et al., "Glucan-Induced Enhancement of Host Resistance to Selected
Infectious Diseases", Infection and Immunity; 30, 51. 1980. *
Riggi and Diluzio
N.R.; "Hepatic Function during Reticuloendothelial Hyperfunction and
Hyperplasia." Nature (1962) 193: 1292-1294. 1962.
Riggi and Diluzio
N.R.; Am. J. Physiol.; 200:297-300. 1961.
Rios-Hernandez
M., Dos-Santos N.J., Silvia-Cardosa, Belle-Garciga J.l., Peddrosa
M., "Immunopharmacological studies of beta (1-3) glucan-1, 3-glucan",
Arch. Med. Res. 25 (2): 179-180. 1994. *
Robertsen B.,
Engstad R.E., Jorgensen J.B.; "Beta (1-3) glucan-glucans as Immunostimulants
in Fish". Modulators of Fish Immune Responses; V.1.; 1994.
Roemer T, et al;
"Characterization of the yeast (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthetic
components, Kre6p andSkn1p, and genetic interactions between the PKC1
pathway and the extracellular matrix assembly," J Cell Bio 127(2):
567-579. Oct 1994. *
Roemer T, Delaney
S, Bussey H; "SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding
putative membrane proteins involved in beta-glucan synthesis," Mol
Cell Biol 13(7): 4039-4048. Biol Dept, McGill U, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada, Jul 1993. *
Roemer T, Bussey
H; "Yeast beta-glucan synthesis: KRE6 encodes a predicted type II
membrane protein required for glucan synthesis in vitro and for glucan
synthase activity in vitro," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88(24): 11295-11299.
Dec 1991.
Roos D, Van Schaik
MLF, de Boer M and Daha MR; "Interaction between neutrophils and zymosan
particles: the role of opsonin and divalent cations;" J Immunol
126:433. 1981.
Ross G.D., Vetvicka
V.; "CR3: A phagocyte and NK cell membrane receptor with multiple
ligand specificities and functions," Clin Exp Immunol 92: 181-184.
1993.
Ross, G.D., Cain
J.A., Myones B.L. et al; "Specificity of membrane complement receptor
ont type three (CR3) for beta-glucans," Complement 4: 61-74. 1987.
Ross P., Mayer
R. Benziman M.; "Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria,"
Microbiol Rev 55: 35-58. 1991.
-
S -
Sakata, T., von
Englehardt, W.; vol. 45, No. 174, pp. 58835-58836. 1980.
Sakurai, Int.
J. Immunopharmac., 1992; 14:821-830.
Sakurai,,
Int. J. Immunopharmac., 1990; 12:675-684.
Sandula J., Machova
E., Hribalova V.; "Mitogenic activity of particulate yeast beta- (1-->3)-D-glucan
and its water soluble derivatives," Int J Biol Macromol 17: 323-326.
1995. *
Sandula, et al.,
Folia Microbiological; 21(3), p. 188. 1976.
Sanjuan R., Zueco
J, Stock R, Font De Mora J, Sentandreu R; "Identification of glucan-mannoprotein
complexes in the cell wall of Candida albicans using a monoclonal
antibody that reacts with a (1,6)-beta-glucan epitope," Microbiology,
141(Pt 7): 1545-1551; Dept de Microbiol, Facultat de Farmacia, U.
de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain. Jul 1995.
Sarko, et al.;
"Multiple-Helical Glucans". Biochem. Soc. Trans.; 11: 139-142.
1983.
Sarko, et al.,
"Antitumor Activity of Tetrahydro-2-furnal-antetrahydro-2-pyranyl-Glucans
Obtained by Chemical Modification of (1,3)-beta D-Glucan from Alcaligenes
faecalis var. myxogenes IFO 13140 and its Lower Molecular Weight Glucans"
Cancer Treat Rep. (1983) Rep. 67:275-280. 1983.
Sarko, et al.,
"Effect of Serum from Mice Treated with Antitumor Polysaccharide on
Expression of Cytotoxicity by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages". J.
Pharm. Dyn.; 5: 1012-1216. 1982.
Sasaki, et al.,
"Dependence on Chain Length of Antitumor Activity of (1,3)-beta-D-Glucan
from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes IFO13140, and its Acid-degraded
Products". Cancer Res; 38: 379-383. 1978.
Satoh, et al.,
"Elevation of Colony Stimulating Factors in Mouse Serum after Injection
of PSK, an Antitumor Polysaccharide." J. Pharm. Dyn.; 5: 818-828.
1982.
Schimanski D.;
"Cosmetic agent containing natural yeast cell contents," U.S. Patent
4540571; Issued Sep 10, 1985.
Schultz, et al.,
in "Immune Modulation and Control of Neoplasia by Adjuvant Therapy",
Chirigos, ed., Raven Press, New York; pp. 241-248. 1978.
Schultz, et al.,
"Association of Macrophage Activation with Anti-tumor Activity by
Synthetic and Biologic Agents". Cancer Res.; 37:3338-43. 1977.
Schwarz, et al.,
"Isolation of a Clostridium thermocellum gene encoding a thermostable
beta-1, 3-glucanase (laminarinase),"Chemical Abstracts, (1988);
108:217067k, Biotechnology letters; 10(4): 225-230. 1988.
Schwarz, et al.,
"Association of Macrophage Activation with Anti-tumor Activity by
Synthetic and Biologic Agents". Cancer Res.; 37: 3338-3343. 1977
Seljelid R, Busund
LT, "The biology of macrophages: II. Inflammation and tumors," Eur
J Haematol 52(1): 1-12. Jan 1994. * Dept of Exp Pathol, Inst of Med
Biol, U of Tromso, Norway.
Seljelid R, Eskeland
T, "The biology of macrophages: I. General principles and properties,"
Eur J Haematol 51(5): 267-275. Nov 1993. *
Seljelid R, et
al, "Evidence that tumor necrosis induced by aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose
is mediated by a concerted action of local and systemic cytokines,"
Scand J Immuno 30(6): 687-694. Dec 1989. * Quote: "Aminated
beta 1-3D polyglucose (AG) causes regression of Meth A sarcoma in
syngeneic mice when injected systemically on day 7 after tumor inoculation.
AG does not concentrate in the tumor, but distributes throughout the
body. AG treatment causes release of large amounts of interleukin
1 (IL-1) both in vivo [in the body] and in macrophage cultures in
vitro [out of body]."
Seljelid R, "Tumor
regression after treatment with aminated beta 1-3D polyglucose is
initiated by circulatory failure," Scand J Immunol 29(2): 181-192;
Feb 1989. *
Seljelid R, Macrophage
Activation. Scand. J. Rheumatology; Suppl. 76:67-72; 1988.
Seljelid R, "The
rediscovery of the macrophage," APMIS Suppl 2:215-223. 1988. *
Seljelid R., ET
AL., "The protective effect of beta 1-3D-glucan-derivatized plastic
beads against Escherichia coli infection in mice," Scand J. Immuno
25(1): 55-60. Jan 1987. * Quote: "Pretreatment with beta-1,
3-D-glucan-derivatized plastic beads conferred strong protection against
Escherichia coli infection in mice."
Seljelid R, "A
water-soluble aminated beta 1-3D-glucan derivative causes regression
of solid tumors in mice," Biosci Rep 6(9): 845-851. Sep 1986. *
Quote: "When water-soluble aminated beta 1, 3-D-glucan (AG) was
injected intravenously or intraperitoneally on day 7 of tumor growth,
the tumors underwent complete regression."
Seljelid R., et
al., "In vivo activation of mouse macrophages with beta-1, 3-D-glucan-derivatized
plastic beads," Scand J Immunol 21(6): 601-605. Jun 1985. *
Seljelid R.,et
al., "A Soluble beta-1, 3-Glucan Derivative Potentiates the Cytostatic
and Cytolytic Capacity of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages in Vitro".
Immunopharmacol; 7: 69-73. 1984. *
Seljelid R., et
al., Exper. Cell Res.; 131: 121-129. 1981.
Serron, et al.,
"Immunomodulators Polysaccharides," Jacques, in Current Concepts in
Human Immunology and Cancer Immunomodulation, Eds., Elesevier Biomedical
Press BV.; pp. 429-438. 1982.
Shandula I., Kogan
G., Masler L.; "Structure and various characteristics of yeast beta-D-glucans,"
Vopr Med Khim 36: 39-42. 1990.
Sherwood. ER,
et al., "Soluble Glucan and Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) Cells
in the Therapy of Experimental Hepatic Metastases," Chemical
Abstracts; 108:179752V. 1988.
Sherwood. ER,
et al., "Enhancement of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-2 Production
by Soluble Glucan," International Journal of Immunopharmacology.;
9:(3):261-267. 1987.
Shibata Y., "Enzymatic
hydrolysis of glucans containing beta-1, 3-and beta-1, 6-linkages.
3. Gibberella beta-1, 6-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase operative in the
selective hydrolysis of beta-1, 3-glucosidic linkages in Eisemia laminaran,"
J. Biochem (Tokyo) 75: 85-92. 1974.
Shiota M., Nakajima
T., Satoh A., Shida M., Matsuda K.; "Comparison of beta-glucan structures
in a cell wall mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the wild type,"
J Biochem (Tokyo) 98: 1301-1307. 1985.
Sietsma J. H.,
et al., Journal of General Microbiology; 125:209-212. 1981.
Sietsma J. H.,
et al., Journal of General Microbiology; 114:99-108. 1979.
Sima P., Vetvicka
V.; "Evolution of Immune Reactions," Critical Reviews in Immunology,
13: 83-114; 1993.
Sima P., Vetvicka
V.; "Evolution of Immune Reactions," CRC Press; 1990.
Smedsrod B, Seljelid
R, "Fate of intravenously injected aminated beta (1----3) polyglucose
derivatized with 125I-tyraminyl cellobiose," Immunophar 21(3):
149-158. May 1991. *
Song and Diluzio
N.R., Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology, Dingle et. al., eds. North
Holland Press Amsterdam; 6: 533-547. 1979.
Spiros J.; Method
for immune system activation by administration of a beta (1-3) glucan
which is produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain R4; U.S. Patent
5504079; 1996.
Spiros J.; Use
of neutral soluble glucan preparations to stimulate platelet production;
U.S. Patent 5488040; 1996.
Spiros J., Rha
C., Sinskey AJ; "Glucan compositions and process for preparation thereof,"
U.S. Patent 4810646; Issued Mar 7, 1989.
Stashenko, et
al., "Reduction of Infection-Stimulated Periapical Bone Resorption
by the Biological Response Modifier PGG Glucan", J. Dent. Res.;
74(1): 323-330; 1995. * Dept of Cytokine Biology, Forsyth Dental
Ctr, Boston, MA. Quote: "PGG glucan-treated animals had significantly
less infection-stimulated periapical bone resorption than control
animals..."
Stashenko, et
al., "Inhibition of Periapical Bone Resorption by a Biological
Response Modifier", J. Dent. Res.; Res.73, No. 146. 1994.
Steadman R., Petersen
M.M., et al; "Differential augmentation by recombinant human tumor
necrosis factor-alpha of neutrophil responses to particulate zymosan
and glucan," J. Immunol 144: 2712-2718. 1990. *
Stewart, et al.,
"Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Glucan in Combination with
Radiation and Chemotherapy in Four Murine Tumors", Cancer
Treat. Prep.; 62: 1867-72. 1978.
Suga, et al.,
"Antitumor Activity of Lentinan in Murine Syngeneic and Autochthonons
Hosts and its Suppressive Effect on 3-Methylcholanthrene-induced Carcinogenesis".
Cancer Res.; 44: 5132-5137. 1984.
Surarit R., Gopal
P.K., Shephard M.G.; "Evidence for a glycosidic linkage between chitin
and glucan in the cell wall of Candida albicans," J. Gen Microbiol
134: 1723-1730. 1988.
Suzuki T., Ohno
N., Adachi Y., Yadomae T., "Serum components induce beta-D-glucan-inhibitable
uptake of zymosan particles by murine peritoneal macrophages,"
Biol Pharm Bull: 16: 223-227. 1993. *
Suzuki T., Ohno
N., et al, "Activation of the complement system by (1--3)-beta-D-glucans
having different degrees of branching and different ultrastructures,"
J. Pharmacobiodyn 15: 277-285. 1992. *
Suzuki, Iwao,
Tanaka, Hideki, Konoshita, Akira, Oikawa, Shozo, Osawa, Masumi and
Yadomae. "Effects of Orally Administered beta-Glucan on Macrophage
Function in Mice". Toshiro, Journal of Immunopharmac; vol. 12,
No. 6, pp. 675-684. 1990.
Sveinbjornsson
B, Seljelid R, "Aminated beta-1, 3-D-polyglucose activates salmon
pronephros macrophages in vitro," Vet Immunol Immunopathos 41(1-2):
113-123. May 1994.
Szabo T., Kadish
J.L., Czop J.K.; "Biochemical properties of the ligand-binding 20-kDa
of the beta-glucan receptors on the human mononuclear phagocytes,"
J. Biol Chem 270: 2145-2151. 1995. *
-
T -
Tanaka S., Aketagawa
J., et al, "Inhibition of high molecular weight (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-dependent
activation of a limulus coagulation factor G by laminaran oligosaccharides
and curdlan degradation products," Carbohydr Res 244: 115-127;
1993. *
Tanaka, Immunopharmac.
and Immunotoxi.; 14:403-420. 1992. Tapper H., Sundler R.; "Glucan
receptor and zymosan-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion in macrophages,"
Biochem J. 306: 829-835. 1995. *
Thomsen, "Mouse
alpha-amylase synthesized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is released
into the culture medium," Carlsberg Res. Comm., 48:545-555. 1983.
Thompson I.M.,
Spence C.R. Lamn DL., Diluzio N.R., "Immunochemotherapy of bladder
carcinoma with glucan and cyclophosphamide", Am. J. Med. Sci.
294 (5): 294-300. 1987. *
Thornqvist P.O.,
Hohansson M.W., Soderhall K.; "Opsonic activity of cell adhesion proteins
and beta-1-3-glucan binding proteins from two crustaceans," Dev
Comp Immunol 18: 3-12; 1994.
Thornton B.P.,
Vetvicka V., Pitman M., Goldman R.C., Ross G.D.; "Analysis of the
sugar specificity and molecular location of the beta-glucan-binding
lectin site of the complement receptor type 3 D11b/CD18)," J. Immunol
156: 1235-1246. 1996.
Tikhomirov, et
al, "Endo-1, 4-beta-glucanases of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium
thermocellum st. No. 3 with high heat stability," Chemical Abstracts;
110:168879g.; 1989.
Todd, R.F.; "The
Continuing Saga of Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR3)," J. Clin Invest.:
Vol 98, 1-2. 1996. Div of Hematology/Oncology Dept of Int. Med,
U of Michigan Med Ctr.* Quote: (p2) "In certain controlled clinical
trials, the increased survival of patients receiving these immunostimulatoryBeta-glucans
has been reported."
Toews, et al.,
J. Immuno.; 124:445-455. 1980.
Tomos et al.,
"A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis" Biochem.
J.; 174:283-290. 1978.
Tong, D.W., Barnetson
R.S.; B-1, 3-D-glucan gel in the treatment of solar keratoses;
Australasian J of Dermatology, 37: 137-138, 1996. * Dept of Dermat,
Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Camperdown, Australia.
Truscheit E.,
Bierling R., Schlumberger H., Oettgen H.; "Process for the preparation
of immunopotentiating agents from components of yeast cell wall material;
" U.S. Patent 4138479; Issued Feb 6, 1979. *
Tsujinaka T.,
Yokota M.K.; Modification of septic processes by B-glucan administration.
Eur Surg Res; 22:540-546, 1990. *
Tzianabos AO,
Cisneros RL; "Prophylaxis with the immunomodulator PGG glucan enhances
antibiotic efficacy in rats infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
"Ann NY Acad Sci 797: 285-287; Oct 1996. * Quote: "Results
of these studies demonstrated that prophylaxis with PGG glucan in
combination with antibiotics provided enhanced protection against
lethal challenge with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus as
compared with the use of antibiotics alone."
-
U -
Uchida, A.; "Method
for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome, "U.S. Patent
5424300 (A method for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome,
comprising administering a polysaccharide which further contains a
beta (1-3) glucan-1, 3/1, 6-glucoside bond). Issued June 13, 1995.
-
V -
Van Der Vaart
J.M., et al, and "The retention mechanism of cell wall proteins in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wall-bound Cwp2p is beta-1, 6-glucosylated,"
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1291(3): 206-214. Dept Molecular Cell Biol,
Utrecht U., The Netherlands. Dec 1996.
Van Der Vaart
J.M., et al, "The beta-1,6-glucan containing side-chain of cell wall
proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is bound to the glucan core of
the GPI moiety," FEMS Microbiol Lett 145: 401-407. 1996.
Vargas-Albores
F., Jimenez-Vega, Soderhall K.; "A plasma protein isolated from brown
shrimp (Penaeus californiensis) which enhances the activation of prophenoloxidase
system by beta-1, 3-glucan," Dev Comp Immunol 20: 299-306. 1996.
Vetvicka V., Thornton
B.P., Ross G.D.; "Soluble Beta-glucan Polysaccharide Binding to the
Lectin Site of Neutrophil or Natural Killer Cell Complement Receptor
Type 3 (CD11b/CD18) Generates a Primed State of the Receptor Capable
of Mediating Cytotoxicity of iC3b-Opsonized Target Cells," Journal
Clin Invest 98: 50-61. 1996. Div of Experimental Immuno and Immunopath,
Dept Path, U of Louisville, KY. * Quote: "This investigation
showed that soluble CR3-specific polysaccharides such as beta-glucan
induced a primed state of CR3 that could trigger killing of iC3b-target
cells that were otherwise resistant to cytotoxicity."
-
W -
Wang, W., Duen-Horng
W., et al; "Polysaccharide-Induced protection of Tilapia, Tilapia
aureus P., against Bacterial Infections in vivo," Dept of
Veterinary Medicine.
Wessels J.G.;
"A beta 1,6-glucan glucanohydrolase involved in hydrolysis of cell-wall
glucan in Schizophyllum commune," Biochem Biophys Acta 178: 191-193.
1969.
Williams D.L.
,Mueller A., Mueller P., Swails W., et al., "Randomized phase I/II
trial of a macrophage-specific immunomodulator (PGG-glucan) in high-risk
surgical patients". Ann. Surg.; 220(5): 601-609. 1994.
Williams D.L.,
et al, "A Sequential Multi-Assay Protocol for the Preclinical Assessment
of Natural Product Complex Carbohydrate Immunomodulators," Develop.
Biol. Standard.; 77:129-136. 1992.
Williams D.L.,
et al,"Development of a Water-Soluble, Sulfated (1.fwdarw.3)-beta-D-Glucan
Biological Response Modifier Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"
Carbohydrate Research. 247-257. 1992.
Williams D.L.,
et al, Development, Physicochemical Characterization and Preclinical
Efficacy Evaluation of a Water Soluble Glucan Sulfate Derived from
Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Immunopharmacology; 22:139-156. 1991.
Williams D.L.,
Mcnamee R.B., Jones E.L., et al., "A method for the solubilization
of a (1-2)-B-D-glucan isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
Carbohydr Res.; 219: 203-213. 1991.
Williams D.L.,
Browder I. and Diluzio N.R., "Soluble phosphorylated glucan: methods
and compositions for wound healing," U.S. Patent 4975421, Issued
Dec 4, 1990. Quote: "The soluble phosphorylated glucans are
useful for promoting the wound healing process. The soluble phosphorylated
glucans are also useful for prophylactic and therapeutic applications
against neoplastic, bacteria, viral, fungal and parasitic diseases."
Williams D.L.,
Browder I. and Diluzio N.R., "Methods and compositions for prophylactic
and therapeutic treatment of infections," U.S. Patent 4900722,
Issued Feb 13, 1990. Quote: "The soluble phosphorylated
glucans are also useful for stimulating macrophage cells, either in
vivo or in vitro, to produce a cytotoxic/cyctostatic factor effective
against cancer cells."
Williams D.L.,
Sherwood E.R., Browder I.W., McNamee R.B., Jones E.L., Di Luzio N.R.;
Pre-clinical Safety Evaluation of Soluble Glucan. International
Journal Immunopharmac. 1988; 10: 405-411. 1988.
Williams D.L.,
et al; "Pre-clinical Safety Evaluation of Soluble Glucan", Int.
J. Immunophamac. Vol. 10, No. 4: 405-414. 1988. * Dept of Phys, Tulane
U Sch of Med, New Orleans, LA. *Quote: "Soluble glucan, a beta-1,
3-linked glucopyranose biological response modifier, is effective
in the therapy of experimental neoplasia, infectious diseases and
immune suppression."
Williams D.L.,
et al; "Therapeutic efficacy of glucan in a murine model of hepatic
metastatic disease," Hepatology 5(2): 198-206. Mar 1985. *Quote:
"...coincubation of particulate glucan with diverse populations
of normal or tumor cells in vitro indicated that glucan exerted a
direct cytostatic effect on sarcoma and melanoma cells and, in contrast,
had a proliferative effect on normal spleen and bone marrow cells."
Williams D., Browder
IW and Diluzio N.R, "Immunotherapeutic modification of Escherichia
coli-induced experimental peritonitis and bacteremia by glucan," Surgery
93(3): 448-454. Mar 1983. * Quote: "These data denote that
the intraperitoneal administration of glucan significantly modifies
the course of E. coli-induced peritonitis and bacteremia due, in part,
to glucan-induced enhancement of macrophage function."
Williams D.L.
and Diluzio N.R.; "Modification of Experimental Viral Hep